They do not rank the four. Their own teaching is that Justice without Knowledge is only cruelty with good aim; Knowledge without Growth calcifies into trivia no one uses; Growth without Devotion has no reason to keep reaching. Each Samarian gives their life to one ideal and is still expected to leave room, somewhere, for the other three.
I do not think we do this. Our own Academies split two ways, not four, and a Bladesworn rarely has cause to sit at the same table as an Archivist unless duty forces it. Perhaps that is not a weakness in us — a Brotherhood built on doubting everything cannot also promise its members a tidy, permanent seat at anyone's table. But it is worth noticing that the people we most often call divided by their secrecy have built, underneath it, something more unified than what we have: four ideals that refuse to let each other stand alone.